Absorbed dose,equivalent dose,measured dose rates,and implications for OSL age estimates: Introducing the Average Dose Model     

《Quaternary Geochronology》2017

Luminescence ages are calculated by dividing an absorbed dose by the dose rate to which the natural dosimeter has been exposed. In practice, one measures an equivalent dose, D_e; in the absence of an alpha dose contribution, this should be indistinguishable from the dose absorbed in nature. Here we first review the relationship between absorbed dose, equivalent dose and dose rate, and the measurements that lead to their estimation; we restate that, in contrast to recent suggestions, an equivalent dose is not a physically different quantity from a beta or gamma dose absorbed by quartz grains. Statistical analysis of OSL data is of great importance when dealing with single grain data, since such data commonly exhibit significant scatter. However, dose rate measurements provide an arithmetic mean of dose rates absorbed by individual grains; in this article, we propose a new model to estimate the average dose absorbed by the grains. We thus introduce a new model for OSL age estimates: the Average Dose Model (ADM). We argue that ADM ages should be more accurate than Central Age Model (CAM) based ages, and we provide experimental evidence supporting this expectation. We also argue that the use of the Finite Mixture Model should be avoided. Finally, we discuss the implications for multi-grain age estimates derived from well-bleached samples.  相似文献   

Flow resistance equation for rills   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

Costanza Di Stefano  Vito Ferro  Vincenzo Palmeri  Vincenzo Pampalone 《水文研究》2017,31(15):2793-2801

In this paper, a new flow resistance equation for rill flow was deduced applying dimensional analysis and self‐similarity theory. At first, the incomplete self‐similarity hypothesis was used for establishing the flow velocity distribution whose integration gives the theoretical expression of the Darcy–Weisbach friction factor. Then the deduced theoretical resistance equation was tested by some measurements of flow velocity, water depth, cross section area, wetted perimeter, and bed slope carried out in 106 reaches of some rills shaped on an experimental plot. A relationship between the velocity profile, the channel slope, and the flow Froude number was also established. The analysis showed that the Darcy–Weisbach friction factor can be accurately estimated by the proposed theoretical approach based on a power–velocity profile.  相似文献   

Field measurements of interrill erosion under ­different slopes and plot sizes     

V. Chaplot  Y. Le Bissonnais 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2000,25(2):145-153

Despite numerous studies, the effect of slope on interrill erosion is not clearly established. Several interactions exist between erosion parameters that are not taken into account under experimental laboratory measurements and results need to be validated in the field. The influence of slope steepness (2 to 8 per cent) on soil loss for a crusted interrill area and the detachment and transport processes involved in the interaction between slope, rain characteristics and plot size were investigated. Sediment discharge and runoff rates were measured in bounded plots (1 m2 and 10 m2) under natural and simulated rainfall, allowing the analysis of a combination of detachment and transport processes at various scales in the field. Runoff rate increased from 20 to 90 per cent with increasing slope and rain intensity for both plot sizes, whereas sediment concentration increased from 2 to 6 g l−1 with increasing slope only for the 10 m2 plots. At the 1 m2 scale, erosion was transport‐limited due to the reduced rain‐impacted flow. Interactions between slope angle and rain intensity were observed for detachment and transport processes in interrill erosion. Results show the importance of an adapted experimental set‐up to get reference data for interrill erosion model development and validation. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Measurement of the current and spectral analysis on the continental shelf in the East China Sea     

LIU Yonggang  YUAN Yaochu  LIU Cho-Teng  CHEN Hong 《海洋学报(英文版)》2004,23(3)

Direct measurements of current velocity and water temperature were undertaken at the mooring Sta. M (125°29.38' N,31°49.70'E) on the continental shelf area in the East China Sea in June 1999 by R/V Xiangyanghong 14. The relationship between various time series of oceanic fluctuations is calculated by spectral analysis. The major results are as follows: (1) an average (u,v) of (6.9,-3.0 cm/s) at the 30 m depth is obtained during the 9-day observation, and that at the 45 m depth is (3.7,-1.1 cm/s), I. E., the mean flows are southeastward at both the 30 and 45 m depths;the currents become stronger gradually during the observation period; this may be mainly attributed to the transition of the tidal currents from neap to spring; (2)semidiurnal fluctuation is the most dominant in the current fluctuations, and rotates mainly clockwise; in the next place, there is also diurnal fluctuation;the local inertial period is close to the period of diurnal fluctuation, and an inertial motion is clockwise; thus, local inertial motion combines with diurnal fluctuation, and makes the spectral peaks in clockwise components much higher than those in counterclockwise ones;except for the fluctuations of above main periods, there is also the peak at 3 d period for counterclockwise components in the upper and lower layers; (3) the calculation of cross spectra between two time series of current velocities at the 30 and 45 m depths shows that both the current fluctuations at the 30 and 45 m depths are much alike, I. E.,they are synchro; this shows that the flow field here is rather vertically homogeneous; (4)power spectra of temperature time series at both the 30 and 45 m depths show that the semidiurnal peak is the most predominant, and the second highest peak is the diurnal period; besides spectral peaks at above periods, there are also obvious spectral peaks at 6.8 h and 2 d; (5)plots of temperature time series at 16,30,35,45 and 50 m depths show that the temporal variations of temperature at these depths are synchro, which are like those in the velocity field; temperature records also show a gradual rise in temperature, which are also like those in the velocity field.  相似文献   

Measurement of the current and spectral analysis on the continental shelf in the East China Sea     

LIU Yonggang  YUAN Yaochu  LIU Cho-Teng  CHEN Hong 《海洋学报(英文版)》2004,23(2):201-212

Direct measurements of current velocity and water temperature were undertaken at the mooring Sta. M (125°29.38' N, 31°49.70' E) on the continental shelf area in the East China Sea in June 1999 by R/V Xiangyanghong 14. The relationship between various time series of oceanic fluctuations is calculated by spectral analysis. The major results are as follows: (1) an average (u,v) of (6.9,-3.0 cm/s) at the 30 m depth is obtained during the 9-day observation, and that at the 45 m depth is (3.7,-1.1 cm/s), i. e., the mean flows are southeastward at both the 30 and 45 m depths;the currents become stronger gradually during the observation period; this may be mainly attributed to the transition of the tidal currents from neap to spring; (2)semidiurnal fluctuation is the most dominant in the current fluctuations, and rotates mainly clockwise; in the next place, there is also diurnal fluctuation;the local inertial period is close to the period of diurnal fluctuation, and an inertial motion is clockwise; thus, loca  相似文献   

应用StarReport星历预报软件提高测量工作效率     

高建尽  张乾隆  孙江磊  张明 《北京测绘》2010,(4):59-61

GPS测量中经常出现开机后卫星数不够或PDOP几何精度因子超限等问题,接收GPS导航电文中星历预报文件,提前预测测区卫星分布情况卫星出入地平时刻、卫星进退观测允许高度角时刻及可见卫星的高度角辅方位角等,对于合理选择观测时间,提高作业效率具有很重要的作用。本文介绍了如何应用StarReport星历预报软件获取和解算GPS星历文件的方法。  相似文献   

山东省一体化“多测合一”信息服务平台技术设计与实现     

梁敏  孙志强  路静  杨仕勇 《山东国土资源》2023,39(8):67-72

为实现工程建设项目“多测合一”改革关于测绘服务的全业务全流程全生命周期信息化管理,在充分调研全省“多测合一”改革现状和信息化需求的基础上,采用先进的微服务、云计算、云容器、GIS等技术,开发了山东省一体化“多测合一”信息服务平台,介绍了平台关键技术,设计了平台业务流程和技术架构,对平台管理、业务功能、成果管理、共享和应用进行了设计与实现,提升了全省“多测合一”改革测绘服务信息化管理水平。  相似文献